In medicine, it is officially officially called nail.This is a disease of a fungal nature that affects the nail plates on your fingers or legs.According to whom, this is a pretty common disease.It occurs in about 27% of people, and on their feet pathology is diagnosed 2 times more often than on their hands.The problem of nail fungus is very sensitive because the unpleasant type of affected plates makes the patient feel discomfort and hides them from others.
Symptoms and signs of fungus nail
Onichomicosis is very easy to recognize, because his nail signs cannot be ignored.Initially, nail plates become boring and rough, they lose a great shine.Then, instead of pink, the nail acquires dirty yellow, whitish or gray.Then other characteristic symptoms of the fungus appear:
- an increase in the thickness of the plate;
- Disadvantages in the form of stripes, bending, irregularities and waves;
- Relaxing and curing of plates;
- An unpleasant smell of nail.
As a result, the nail was completely destroyed, and even distorts, exposing the bed under the nail.The skin next to the plates becomes red and causes strong itching.
Causes
The main reason for the development of fungal infections is entering the body or inside the human body.As a rule, it is a microsport, metridium and epidermophyton.These are fungi causes onychomikosis especially often.
When he enters the body, such fungi are localized on keratine skin derivatives, ie.Nails and hair.This is due to the diet of parasites for which the fibrillar proteinski keratin is used, which is available in nails and hair.
Modes of infection
The risk of obtaining fungus infection in public places with high moisture is especially high.These are saunas, pools, gyms, public baths, etc.The most common ways of infection:
- Direct contact with an infected person.Here the fungus falls from habitat to healthy areas, thus causing an infection;
- Households.In this case, the infection occurs when the personal belongings of the patient is used: shoes, personal hygiene items, etc.
Risk factors
Incidence of -homycosis increases in 60 years.At the moment, the probability of the development of such an infection is 60%, which is explained by the slowdown of metabolism, especially in distal (distant) body areas, which are just fingers and legs.
Other risk factors for nail fungus development include:
- Mellitus diabetes;
- Varicose veins;
- Nail injuries and adjacent tissues;
- HIV and other states of immunodeficients;
- Long-term intake of antibiotics;
- impaired immunity;
- Vascular and skin diseases, dermatitis, diaper rash;
- A weakened blood supply in the limbs;
- Insufficient hygiene.
Complications
With an uncomplicated course, the disease causes the symptoms of traditional fungus, causing a person only strong discomfort.But without treatment, onychomicosis can cause complications.They most often appear in adding bacterial infection.
Sometimes onynchomyzosis is very acute with the appearance of bubbles, ulcerations and cried surfaces on the skin next to the nail.In severe cases, the disease acquires a generalized form.This means that the nail fungus applies to internal organs and systems, and then the patient will need emergency hospitalization.
When you consult a doctor
Many who came across onychomicosis know that the disease develops slowly and treats with incredible work.That is why it is very important to consult a doctor when the first signs of the disease appear.The treatment of yourchomicose nail is dealing with a dermatologist.The specialist will provide competent assistance and will bring you to full recovery.
Preparing to visit a doctor
Before taking a dermatologist, it is important not to process the affected nail areas, I.E.Do not use drugs, including iodine and green.It is also necessary to exclude the use of cream and fat from the fungus.It is worth understanding all previously taken tests, including other diseases.Affected nails cannot be reduced 3-4 days before consulting.
Diagnosis Fungus Nail
First of all, the patient is focused on microscopy, which allows you to identify the presence of pathogens.In the future, it is necessary to determine its diversity to choose the correct treatment of nail fungus on their feet.The most modern and common methods for diagnosing onychomicosis:
- Bacteriological sowing.It is a biological sample of affected tissues located in an artificial nutrient media, where the pathogen is grown to determine its type;
- Polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) to detect DNA pathogens in a sample of affected tissues.
Treatment
In the early stage of the disease, it is generally prescribed by a local therapy consisting of the use of cream and fat with antifungal effects.
Antiseptic solutions are also used as external products from nail mushrooms.In addition to efficient tools from onypromicosis, nail, antihistamine and desensitization of medications are prescribed, which relieve swelling, inflammation and sensitivity.
If the nail is fully affected by the fungus, and the drug is not giving the drug the positive results, and then the plate is subject to surgical removal.Also, with the total form ofychomicosis, antifungal drugs are prescribed from the inside in the form of tablets that have a systemic effect on the body.
Home processing products
You must contact your doctor before using the funds for home treatment.According to its resolution, you can use the following recipes:
- Jood.Before using their legs, it is necessary to mate, wash the household soap, and then remove the affected areas of nail plates.Then treat your nails and skin between your fingers with iodine, stand them in a bath with a soda solution for 20-30 minutes and dry thoroughly;
- vinegar.For 3 liters of water, take 1 tablespoon.Apple cider vinegar and add a little potassium permanganate.Keep your feet in the bath 20-30 minutes and then dried thoroughly;
- Hydrogen peroxide.Make your legs thoroughly, remove the affected nail plate areas.Put their cotton wheels moistened by hydrogen peroxide, wrap the bend and leave half an hour.
Myths and dangerous misconceptions in the treatment of nail fungus
One of the most important and more dangerous myths is that the nail fungus does not consider serious disease.In fact, onychomicosis, progressing, can lead to serious consequences to deformation and complete rejection of nails from nail beds.
In addition, an infected person is a danger for loved ones, because, as next to him, they also risk getting sick.Therefore, it is important to know how to cure nail fungus on time.
Prevention
To prevent the development of onychomicosis, it is necessary to exclude a negative impact on the body of the risk factor:
- Treat system diseases on time;
- Do not wear other people's shoes;
- In the pool and sauna to walk in shales;
- Change socks a day and follow personal hygiene rules;
- Do not wear wet shoes - dry thoroughly;
- Excess direct contact with potential fungi.